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All right, DOS codepages. Let's start off with the star of the show: Codepage 437.

Codepage 437

  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0 NUL ☺ ☻ ♥ ♦ ♣ ♠ • ◘ ○ ◙ ♂ ♀ ♪ ♫ ☼
1 ► ◄ ↕ ‼ § ▬ ↨ ↑ ↓ → ← ∟ ↔ ▲ ▼
2 SP ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /
3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4 @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
6 ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7 p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ ⌂
8 Ç ü é â ä à å ç ê ë è ï î ì Ä Å
9 É æ Æ ô ö ò û ù ÿ Ö Ü ¢ £ ¥ ₧ ƒ
A á í ó ú ñ Ñ ª º ¿ ⌐ ¬ ½ ¼ ¡ « »
B ░ ▒ ▓ │ ┤ ╡ ╢ ╖ ╕ ╣ ║ ╗ ╝ ╜ ╛ ┐
C └ ┴ ┬ ├ ─ ┼ ╞ ╟ ╚ ╔ ╩ ╦ ╠ ═ ╬ ╧
D ╨ ╤ ╥ ╙ ╘ ╒ ╓ ╫ ╪ ┘ ┌ █ ▄ ▌ ▐ ▀
E α ß Γ π Σ σ µ τ Φ Θ Ω δ ∞ φ ε ∩
F ≡ ± ≥ ≤ ⌠ ⌡ ÷ ≈ ° ∙ · √ ⁿ ² ■ NBSP

Aliases: CP437; DOS Latin US; OEM-US; PC-8
I call this codepage the star of the show because it was used with early IBM computers, and was also one of the more notable attempts at extending ASCII. This character set was reportedly divided into parts.

However, the linguistic support of CP437 was lacking compared to other codepages. That's where Codepage 850 comes in.

Codepage 850

  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0 NUL ☺ ☻ ♥ ♦ ♣ ♠ • ◘ ○ ◙ ♂ ♀ ♪ ♫ ☼
1 ► ◄ ↕ ‼ § ▬ ↨ ↑ ↓ → ← ∟ ↔ ▲ ▼
2 SP ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /
3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4 @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
6 ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7 p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ ⌂
8 Ç ü é â ä à å ç ê ë è ï î ì Ä Å
9 É æ Æ ô ö ò û ù ÿ Ö Ü ø £ Ø × ƒ
A á í ó ú ñ Ñ ª º ¿ ® ¬ ½ ¼ ¡ « »
B ░ ▒ ▓ │ ┤ Á Â À © ╣ ║ ╗ ╝ ¢ ¥ ┐
C └ ┴ ┬ ├ ─ ┼ ã Ã ╚ ╔ ╩ ╦ ╠ ═ ╬ ¤
D ð Ð Ê Ë È ı Í Î Ï ┘ ┌ █ ▄ ¦ Ì ▀
E Ó ß Ô Ò õ Õ µ þ Þ Ú Û Ù ý Ý ¯ ´
F SHY ± ‗ ¾ § ÷ ¸ ° ¨ · ¹ ³ ² ■ NBSP

Aliases: CP850; DOS Latin 1; OEM 850
This one was used on many computers running PC DOS outside of the United States.
There also exists Codepage 858, which swaps out the dotless lowercase "I" (ı) for a euro symbol (€).

Codepage 858 (codepoints D0-DF shown)

  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
D ð Ð Ê Ë È € Í Î Ï ┘ ┌ █ ▄ ¦ Ì ▀

Aliases: CP858
But, like many other codepages, CP858 isn't the only modification of CP850.

Codepage 859 (Codepoints 80-FF shown)

  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
8 Ç ü é â ä à å ç ê ë è ï î ì Ä Å
9 É æ Æ ô ö ò û ù ÿ Ö Ü ø £ Ø × ƒ
A á í ó ú ñ Ñ ª º ¿ ® ¬ œ Œ ¡ « »
B ░ ▒ ▓ │ ┤ Á Â À © ╣ ║ ╗ ╝ ¢ ¥ ┐
C └ ┴ ┬ ├ ─ ┼ ã Ã ╚ ╔ ╩ ╦ ╠ ═ ╬ ¤
D ð Ð Ê Ë È € Í Î Ï ┘ ┌ █ ▄ Š Ì ▀
E Ó ß Ô Ò õ Õ µ þ Þ Ú Û Ù ý Ý ¯ Ž
F SHY ± ‗ Ÿ § ÷ ž ° š · ¹ ³ ² ■ NBSP

Aliases: CP859
Provides sufficient support for the entirety of the French, Finnish, and Estonian alphabets, however at the cost of vulgar fractions and a few diacritics.

Codepage 865 (Codepoints 80-FF shown)

  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
8 Ç ü é â ä à å ç ê ë è ï î ì Ä Å
9 É æ Æ ô ö ò û ù ÿ Ö Ü ø £ Ø ₧ ƒ
A á í ó ú ñ Ñ ª º ¿ ⌐ ¬ ½ ¼ ¡ « ¤
B ░ ▒ ▓ │ ┤ ╡ ╢ ╖ ╕ ╣ ║ ╗ ╝ ╜ ╛ ┐
C └ ┴ ┬ ├ ─ ┼ ╞ ╟ ╚ ╔ ╩ ╦ ╠ ═ ╬ ╧
D ╨ ╤ ╥ ╙ ╘ ╒ ╓ ╫ ╪ ┘ ┌ █ ▄ ▌ ▐ ▀
E α ß Γ π Σ σ µ τ Φ Θ Ω δ ∞ φ ε ∩
F ≡ ± ≥ ≤ ⌠ ⌡ ÷ ≈ ° ∙ · √ ⁿ ² ■ NBSP

Aliases: CP865; DOS Nordic
Used for writing in Danish and Norwegian. Strangely, the right guillemet (») is missing with the currency symbol (¤) taking its place.
You know what else is (debatably) strange? HP's definition of this codepage (with codepoints 90 through AF being shown here for the sake of convenience).

  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
9 É æ Æ ô ö ò û ù ÿ Ö Ü ø £ Ø Ŀ ŀ
A á í ó ú ñ Ñ õ Õ ¿ ã Ã ℓ ʼn ¡ ³ ¤

These codepoints seem to originate from HP's PCL 5 Comparison Guide. There are characters here that aren't normally present in CP865. You could argue that the script lowercase "L" (ℓ) on codepoint BA makes a decent amount of sense being here what with it typically being used to represent liters, but still.

Codepage 860 (Codepoints 80-FF shown)

  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
8 Ç ü é â ã à Á ç ê Ê è Í Ô ì Ã Â
9 É À È ô õ ò Ú ù Ì Õ Ü ¢ £ Ù ₧ Ó
A á í ó ú ñ Ñ ª º ¿ Ò ¬ ½ ¼ ¡ « »
B ░ ▒ ▓ │ ┤ ╡ ╢ ╖ ╕ ╣ ║ ╗ ╝ ╜ ╛ ┐
C └ ┴ ┬ ├ ─ ┼ ╞ ╟ ╚ ╔ ╩ ╦ ╠ ═ ╬ ╧
D ╨ ╤ ╥ ╙ ╘ ╒ ╓ ╫ ╪ ┘ ┌ █ ▄ ▌ ▐ ▀
E α ß Γ π Σ σ µ τ Φ Θ Ω δ ∞ φ ε ∩
F ≡ ± ≥ ≤ ⌠ ⌡ ÷ ≈ ° ∙ · √ ⁿ ² ■ NBSP

Aliases: CP860; DOS Portuguese
Used for writing in Portuguese, mainly on PC DOS computers in Portugal. I think it would've made more sense for it to be used in Brazil, and maybe in Lusophonic Africa, but CP850 existed during the days of DOS, so...yeah.

Codepage 852 (Codepoints 80-FF shown)

  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
8 Ç ü é â ä ů ć ç ł ë Ő ő î Ź Ä Ć
9 É Ĺ ĺ ô ö Ľ ľ Ś ś Ö Ü Ť ť Ł × č
A á í ó ú Ą ą Ž ž Ę ę ¬ ź Č ş « »
B ░ ▒ ▓ │ ┤ Á Â Ě Ş ╣ ║ ╗ ╝ Ż ż ┐
C └ ┴ ┬ ├ ─ ┼ Ă ă ╚ ╔ ╩ ╦ ╠ ═ ╬ ¤
D đ Đ Ď Ë ď Ň Í Î ě ┘ ┌ █ ▄ Ţ Ů ▀
E Ó ß Ô Ń ń ň Š š Ŕ Ú ŕ Ű ý Ý ţ ´
F SHY ˝ ˛ ˇ ˘ § ÷ ¸ ° ¨ ˙ ű Ř ř ■ NBSP

Aliases: CP852; DOS Latin 2; OEM 852 (Latin II)
And now, a codepage used for writing in Central European languages, including Czech, Hungarian, Polish, Serbian, and (to some extent) Romanian. Other codepages (e.g.: Kamenický, Mazovia, and CWI-2) existed for writing in some of these languages, but I'll get to those later.

Codepage 861 (Codepoints 80-FF shown)

  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
8 Ç ü é â ä à å ç ê ë è Ð ð Þ Ä Å
9 É æ Æ ô ö þ û Ý ý Ö Ü ø £ Ø ₧ ƒ
A á í ó ú Á Í Ó Ú ¿ ⌐ ¬ ½ ¼ ¡ « »
B ░ ▒ ▓ │ ┤ ╡ ╢ ╖ ╕ ╣ ║ ╗ ╝ ╜ ╛ ┐
C └ ┴ ┬ ├ ─ ┼ ╞ ╟ ╚ ╔ ╩ ╦ ╠ ═ ╬ ╧
D ╨ ╤ ╥ ╙ ╘ ╒ ╓ ╫ ╪ ┘ ┌ █ ▄ ▌ ▐ ▀
E α ß Γ π Σ σ µ τ Φ Θ Ω δ ∞ φ ε ∩
F ≡ ± ≥ ≤ ⌠ ⌡ ÷ ≈ ° ∙ · √ ⁿ ² ■ NBSP

Aliases: CP861; DOS Icelandic
Used for writing in Icelandic. The existence of CP850 makes this one feel redundant in my opinion, but it served its intended purpose.

Codepage 863 (Codepoints 80-FF shown)

  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
8 Ç ü é â Â à ç ê ë è ï î ‗ À §
9 É È Ê ô Ë Ï û ù ¤ Ô Ü ¢ £ Ù Û ƒ
A ¦ ´ ó ú ¨ ¸ ³ ¯ Î ⌐ ¬ ½ ¼ ¾ « »
B ░ ▒ ▓ │ ┤ ╡ ╢ ╖ ╕ ╣ ║ ╗ ╝ ╜ ╛ ┐
C └ ┴ ┬ ├ ─ ┼ ╞ ╟ ╚ ╔ ╩ ╦ ╠ ═ ╬ ╧
D ╨ ╤ ╥ ╙ ╘ ╒ ╓ ╫ ╪ ┘ ┌ █ ▄ ▌ ▐ ▀
E α ß Γ π Σ σ µ τ Φ Θ Ω δ ∞ φ ε ∩
F ≡ ± ≥ ≤ ⌠ ⌡ ÷ ≈ ° ∙ · √ ⁿ ² ■ NBSP

Aliases: CP863; DOS French Canada
Reportedly used on PC DOS computers in Canada (specifically in Québec) for writing in French. It's unlike any other codepage that provides coverage for the French language, because it lacks accented letters that are integral to the French alphabet (Æ; Œ; Ÿ).